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Hyperglycemia: High Blood Sugar

Hyperglycemia is a medical term that refers to high blood glucose levels.1 It is defined as blood glucose levels >125 mg/dL while fasting and >180 mg/dL 2-hours postprandial.2 Untreated severe hyperglycemia in diabetics can acutely progress to serious, life-threatening complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).3 As such, it is important to practice good diabetes management,...

Alternate Site Testing

Individuals performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) at home most commonly use the fingertip as the testing site.1 It has high capillary flow and density that provides a rich blood supply, but is also very sensitive to pain and can pose barriers to consistently performing the test over time. As such, individuals may choose alternate site testing and obtain blood...

Insulin Resistance

Insulin is a hormone produced by pancreatic b-cells and plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis.1 Normally, pancreatic b-cells secrete insulin in response to rising levels of blood glucose. Insulin, by predominantly acting on liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, allows the body to take up, store, and use these glucose molecules as energy. Insulin resistance is the impaired biological response to...

Prescribed Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factor management are priority considerations when choosing a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).1 The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) emphasize the importance of making significant lifestyle modifications such as eating a healthy diet and exercising for all individuals with T2DM. At the...

Blood Glucose Meter Accuracy

What is the Standard for Determining Blood Glucose Meter Accuracy? The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) determines specifications for various products, including blood glucose meters (BGMs).1 BGMs need to fulfill certain criteria to meet its latest standard of ISO 15197:2013, listed below: For blood glucose levels >100 mg/dL, 95% of data pairs (ie, reference measurement and BGM measurement) must...