The glycemic index (GI) ranks a carbohydrate containing food based on how much it raises postprandial blood glucose levels in comparison with reference food (ie, white bread or pure glucose).1,2 The GI is on a scale of 1 to 100: low GI is <55, moderate GI is 56-69, and high GI is >69. Foods with slower absorption and digestion...
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute hyperglycemic emergency that occurs as a complication of diabetes.1 It is characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketosis, and dehydration.
The pancreas is a key organ that maintains glucose homeostasis in the body by producing various hormones including insulin and glucagon.1 In type 1 diabetes, however, the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b-cells results in insulin deficiency, requiring individuals to rely on exogenous insulin for glucose control.2
Diets that restrict carbohydrate intake, such as the low-carbohydrate diet or the ketogenic diet (KD), have gained popularity as potential dietary interventions for glycemic control in non-pregnant individuals with diabetes.1,2 Results among those with gestational diabetes (GDM), however, are conflicted.
Similar to recent trends of gestational diabetes (GDM), the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing among women in reproductive ages.1 Pre-existing diabetes can pose maternal and fetal risks in pregnancy, but proper management can effectively prevent or reduce risks of complications. Management of GDM, a type of diabetes that develops as a result...
